10/17/13研究补充:
这封长信最后署名“Loomis Hunt", Wife of J.H. Hunt, commissioner of Fusan Custom.
信件中提到”Mr. Hunt has grown tired of waiting for the custom to build, so he has commerceed to build at his own expense".
J.H. Hunt,又译何文德,为大清海关派驻朝鲜釜山海关署长。此封孤品乃是他家信。作者: genel 时间: 2013-9-10 04:10
中朝两国签署《仁川华商租界章程》之後,日本也对朝鲜提出同样的要求,在仁川获得租界。英、法、俄、德等国则获得了各国共同租界和商用地,并设立了租界工部局,作为管理机构。清朝随後又与朝鲜签订了《釜山华商租界章程》和《元山华商租界章程》,在釜山和元山也获得了租界。侨居在清租界的中国商人(多来自山东)在仁川设立了仁川绅商协会,建立了济宁学校,清朝派出领事和商务委员进行管理,清租界内的市政设施则委托各国共同租界工部局代管。
1894年中日甲午战争爆发后,清朝在朝鲜的租界被日军占领。中日马关条约规定朝鲜为“独立自主之国”後,朝鲜政府宣布中朝两国原订一切约条作废,收回清朝在朝鲜的全部租界和外交、关税特权。朝鲜政府在1895年12月16日颁布了《保护清商规则》,对原清租界外的清朝商人居留地、朝鲜的管辖权、华商的经营范围和守则作出了规定。
1896年2月,大韩帝国政府外部大臣金允植拟订了与清朝的外交约章,并于1898年9月与清朝签署《中韩通商条约》,完全废除了华商居留地,但允许中国商人仍侨居于原仁川清租界及华商居留地范围之内。两地後来发展为仁川唐人街,存在至今。作者: genel 时间: 2013-9-10 08:04
Henry Appenzeller
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rev. Henry Gerhard Appenzeller (February 6, 1858 – June 11, 1902) was a Methodist missionary. He and four other missionaries, including Horace N. Allen, Horace G. Underwood, William B. Scranton, and Marion F. Scranton introduced Protestant Christianity to Korea from 1885 to 1902. His mission trip to Korea was motivated by three reasons, including: to transform Koreans to Methodism, convert Korean society with Christian teachings, and to establish democracy, modernization and independence in Korea. He was known by his three contributions to Korean, the Paichai College Hall, the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Seoul, and the translated New Testament[1][2]
Background and Early life
Henry Gerhard Appenzeller was born in Souderton, Pennsylvania, in 1858. His mother was from Swiss Mennonite stock, while his father was from Pennsylvania. His parents went to the German Reformed Church. His mother played an important role in his life. She influenced Henry's faith by gathering him and his two brothers to read German bible on Sunday afternoon. His mother speaks German but little English, therefore, German is his first language. Henry was transformed due to a personal spiritual experience on October 6, 1876. And he celebrated every year on this day as his spiritual birthday.He studied in Franklin and Marshall College, a school that is based on the Reformed Church.[3]
Work in Korea
Appenzeller arrived in Korea on April 5, 1885, a Easter Sunday morning, with his wife Ella Appenzeller. During that period, Seoul was in political struggle. Missionaries could not set up a church, nor preach in the public. Evangelism had to be done secretly. Appenzeller focused on preparing missionary residence in the frist two years. In 1887, worship in public became possible, therefore, chapel was established for service.His goal was to transform Pagan Korea into Christian Korea.[5]
In 1902, at the age of 44, Appenzeller drowned while journeying to a southern port city, Mokpo, to attend a meeting for the Bible translation. He was later buried at the Yanghwajin Foreigners' Cemetery, the grave site of over 300 foreigners including over 80 missionaries from many denominations including those sent by the United Methodist Church, and its predecessor denominations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Legacy
Since its founding in 19th century, the Korean Methodist Church has dramatically developed as one of major Protestant denominations in Korea. In 2001, the denomination comprised 5,262 churches, 1,394,514 members, and 7,298 ministers. There were six universities established under the Methodist model, including Pai Chai. In addition, the denomination had its own theological seminary, the Methodist Theological Seminary in Seoul. It also had six theological institutes and 54 junior high and high schools.
See also
一件名不见经传的大珍品出现后,要想卖个好价钱,就不像我们在网上聊天那么容易了。鉴别真伪是买卖双方都十分重视的头等大事。光看图片是不可能的,必须上手验证实物。若有几位相应的行家都认可才好,不然送xx邮学会鉴定,取得鉴定书是为上策。这个过程是必须要经过的,俗话说好事多磨。作者: genel 时间: 2013-9-12 12:45