1891大清朝鲜釜山FUSAN CUSTOM MAIL MATTER封美国大发现 韩国, 朝鲜, 海关, 清朝

genel

最近美国出来了一小批早期美国,朝鲜之间的封. 其中有一件FUSAN CUSTOM MAIL MATTER,可以说是惊人的大发现. 现得到拥有人的同意,在此披露.

我先不评说,让各位对海关邮政史有兴趣的邮友看看. 但是可以说的是,此件MAIL MATTER创下了多项海关邮政记录, 意义重大.


图片10／20／13被楼主暂时收起，以免图片被另有用心人盗用。
附带信件:



10/17/13研究补充:
这封长信最后署名“Loomis Hunt", Wife of J.H. Hunt, commissioner of Fusan Custom.
信件中提到”Mr. Hunt has grown tired of waiting for the custom to build, so he has commerceed to build at his own expense".

J.H. Hunt，又译何文德，为大清海关派驻朝鲜釜山海关署长。此封孤品乃是他家信。

genel

此件封为新发现，创了很多纪录：

大清朝鲜海关公事戳在封上最早使用 4／5／1891。 以前是水原明窗的4／30／1891的汉城海关公事封。

至今唯一的朝鲜釜山海关公事戳封，孤品。水原明窗的“朝鲜邮政史”邮集书中有文字提到大清釜山海关，但没有没有任何封片戳的纪录。另外唯一有纪录的釜山戳封是一个1895年的天津寄元山，带釜山海关双圈转达戳（transit cancel)。

至今唯一大清海关封使用在朝鲜本土内部，证明了大清海关不但经管朝鲜对外的邮件，还经营内部设海关城市之间的邮件。

hart

genel

回复 3# hart
Hart,
你是这里第一号海关戳粉迷，Speechless? 只能做鬼脸？

hart

回复  hart
Hart,
你是这里第一号海关戳粉迷，Speechless? 只能做鬼脸？
genel 发表于 2013-9-10 04:54

   我晕

吴翔1

1882年以前,朝鲜近代意义上的对外贸易主要还只是针对日本,和中国仍然只是保持着传统的朝贡贸易和边境的互市贸易。日本对朝鲜外贸的独占,以及在政治、军事领域的浸透,严重的威胁了清政府在朝鲜的宗主权,迫使清朝改变其外交政策,劝导朝鲜与西方国家进行通商,以在政治上加强中国与朝鲜的宗藩关系,同时为取得不落后于他国的经济利权,清朝也开始积极的与朝鲜协定近代意义上的通商关系,最终成功的将传统的宗藩关系与近代性的通商条约相结合,签订了《中朝商民水陆贸易章程》,中朝近代贸易关系得以正式形成。 随着近代对外贸易的扩大,朝鲜逐步认识到关税自主权在近代通商关系中的重要性。为了获得关税自主权,保护国内经济的发展,积极的展开了与日本的税则协定,但均以失败而告终。直到朝美缔结通商条约,才最终确立了关税权。由于朝鲜缺乏近代性的海关人才,无法独立完成海关的设立,因此请求清朝协助设关,为清朝控制朝鲜海关提供了机会。因此,在朝鲜海关设立后,晚清凭借自身在朝鲜的政治优势与对朝鲜海关的控制,与日本在朝鲜市场上展开了激烈的争夺,导致朝鲜的对外贸易格局有了新的变化。到甲午战前,中国输入到朝鲜市场上的商品几乎与日本持平,引起了日本商人乃至日本政界的恐慌,加上晚清在朝鲜政治、外交的积极干预,一定程度上加速了中日甲午战争的爆发。

吴翔1

仁川清租界及日租界地图1882年朝鲜发生壬午兵变，清朝出兵镇压。1882年10月，李鸿章与朝鲜统理交涉通商事务衙门签订《中朝商民水陆贸易章程》，在朝鲜取得领事裁判权、海关监管权等一系列权益。1884年（光绪十年）阴历三月初七，中国又与朝鲜签订《仁川华商租界章程》。该章程包括11项条款和3项附加条款，规定清朝在仁川取得1.8公顷的租界地及0.7公顷商业用地，朝鲜方面承担清租界的街道、下水道、桥梁、房屋、码头设施建设费用，同时对住宅地和商业用地的等级区分、地价征收、年税、华商葬地和耕地等条款做了详细规定。

吴翔1

中朝两国签署《仁川华商租界章程》之後，日本也对朝鲜提出同样的要求，在仁川获得租界。英、法、俄、德等国则获得了各国共同租界和商用地，并设立了租界工部局，作为管理机构。清朝随後又与朝鲜签订了《釜山华商租界章程》和《元山华商租界章程》，在釜山和元山也获得了租界。侨居在清租界的中国商人（多来自山东）在仁川设立了仁川绅商协会，建立了济宁学校，清朝派出领事和商务委员进行管理，清租界内的市政设施则委托各国共同租界工部局代管。
1894年中日甲午战争爆发后，清朝在朝鲜的租界被日军占领。中日马关条约规定朝鲜为“独立自主之国”後，朝鲜政府宣布中朝两国原订一切约条作废，收回清朝在朝鲜的全部租界和外交、关税特权。朝鲜政府在1895年12月16日颁布了《保护清商规则》，对原清租界外的清朝商人居留地、朝鲜的管辖权、华商的经营范围和守则作出了规定。
1896年2月，大韩帝国政府外部大臣金允植拟订了与清朝的外交约章，并于1898年9月与清朝签署《中韩通商条约》，完全废除了华商居留地，但允许中国商人仍侨居于原仁川清租界及华商居留地范围之内。两地後来发展为仁川唐人街，存在至今。

genel

Henry Appenzeller
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rev. Henry Gerhard Appenzeller (February 6, 1858 – June 11, 1902) was a Methodist missionary. He and four other missionaries, including Horace N. Allen, Horace G. Underwood, William B. Scranton, and Marion F. Scranton introduced Protestant Christianity to Korea from 1885 to 1902. His mission trip to Korea was motivated by three reasons, including: to transform Koreans to Methodism, convert Korean society with Christian teachings, and to establish democracy, modernization and independence in Korea. He was known by his three contributions to Korean, the Paichai College Hall, the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Seoul, and the translated New Testament[1][2]
Background and Early life

Henry Gerhard Appenzeller was born in Souderton, Pennsylvania, in 1858. His mother was from Swiss Mennonite stock, while his father was from Pennsylvania. His parents went to the German Reformed Church. His mother played an important role in his life. She influenced Henry's faith by gathering him and his two brothers to read German bible on Sunday afternoon. His mother speaks German but little English, therefore, German is his first language. Henry was transformed due to a personal spiritual experience on October 6, 1876. And he celebrated every year on this day as his spiritual birthday.He studied in Franklin and Marshall College, a school that is based on the Reformed Church.[3]

Work in Korea

Appenzeller arrived in Korea on April 5, 1885, a Easter Sunday morning, with his wife Ella Appenzeller. During that period, Seoul was in political struggle. Missionaries could not set up a church, nor preach in the public. Evangelism had to be done secretly. Appenzeller focused on preparing missionary residence in the frist two years. In 1887, worship in public became possible, therefore, chapel was established for service.His goal was to transform Pagan Korea into Christian Korea.[5]

In 1902, at the age of 44, Appenzeller drowned while journeying to a southern port city, Mokpo, to attend a meeting for the Bible translation. He was later buried at the Yanghwajin Foreigners' Cemetery, the grave site of over 300 foreigners including over 80 missionaries from many denominations including those sent by the United Methodist Church, and its predecessor denominations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Legacy

Since its founding in 19th century, the Korean Methodist Church has dramatically developed as one of major Protestant denominations in Korea. In 2001, the denomination comprised 5,262 churches, 1,394,514 members, and 7,298 ministers. There were six universities established under the Methodist model, including Pai Chai. In addition, the denomination had its own theological seminary, the Methodist Theological Seminary in Seoul. It also had six theological institutes and 54 junior high and high schools.
See also

   
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Appenzeller

eagleyin

学习历史知识

吴翔1

其实是大清海外邮政----客邮局

麦国培

好东西。

genel

回复 11# 吴翔1

点明得好,很多人知道清末腐朽败落的中国有很多外国的客邮局,海关由外国控制. 殊不知,大清帝国在朝鲜(1895中日战争后,朝鲜名义上是独立了)还可以威风一把, 设置海关, 设立邮局. 这是晚清邮史的唯一特殊性.

老老肇

回复 8# 吴翔1

学习了!  谢谢兄的讲解.

genel

同批出来的Appenzeller封, 唯一和中国有关的是楼1的Stampless Cover.
[img[/img]

genel

genel

genel

genel

genel